A new UN report, compiled by the Global Program on Combatting Transnational Organized Crime and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime's Container Control Programme, details the sophisticated methods used by the Houthi group to smuggle weapons into Yemen. The report, released October 22nd, 2024, highlights the prevalent use of small boats and dhows for maritime smuggling.

The report identifies key maritime and land routes used by smuggling networks. Weapons, including small arms, light weapons, and ballistic missiles, are often shipped in disassembled parts to evade detection and are then assembled within Yemen. The Houthis also utilize smuggled materials to domestically manufacture weapons such as drones and explosive-laden boats, enhancing their military capabilities.

The report emphasizes the Houthis' use of advanced concealment techniques, making tracking and monitoring extremely difficult. A lack of coordination between international and local forces, coupled with insufficient equipment for Yemeni government forces, significantly hinders counter-smuggling efforts. The report notes limited international support despite some stated commitment. Low and irregular salaries for Yemeni government employees and security forces further weaken counter-smuggling efforts.

The report warns that continued arms smuggling poses a serious threat to regional security. Smuggled weapons could be used to target commercial vessels in the Red Sea, disrupting international shipping and exacerbating regional instability. The report recommends increased international cooperation, including improved information sharing, technical and material support for Yemeni forces (including advanced equipment and training), and strengthened sanctions against the Houthis to prevent further arms acquisition. The report notes that widespread arms smuggling has been ongoing since the Houthi coup in September 2014.